I-Subtractive vs Hybrid CNC-AM yoLungiso lweSixhobo

PFT, Shenzhen

Olu pho nonongo luthelekisa ukusebenza komatshini we-CNC wokuthotywa kwemveli kunye ne-hybride ekhulayo ye-CNC-Additive Manufacturing (AM) yokulungiswa kwezixhobo zoshishino. Iimethrikhi zokusebenza (ixesha lokulungisa, ukusetyenziswa kwezinto eziphathekayo, amandla omatshini) zilinganiswe ngokusebenzisa iimvavanyo ezilawulwayo kwi-stamping eyonakeleyo iyafa. Iziphumo zibonisa iindlela ezixubileyo zinciphisa inkunkuma yezinto eziphathekayo ngama-28-42% kwaye zifinyeze imijikelo yokulungisa nge-15-30% ngokubhekiselele kwiindlela zokunciphisa kuphela. Uhlalutyo lwe-Microstructural luqinisekisa amandla okuqina okuthelekiswayo (≥98% yesixhobo sokuqala) kumacandelo okulungiswa kwe-hybrid. Umda ophambili ubandakanya imiqobo yejometri entsonkothileyo yokubekwa kwe-AM. Ezi ziphumo zibonisa i-hybrid CNC-AM njengesicwangciso esisebenzayo sokugcinwa kwesixhobo esizinzileyo.

1. Intshayelelo

Ukuthotywa kwezixhobo kubiza amashishini okuvelisa i-240B ngonyaka (NIST, 2024). Ukulungiswa kwe-CNC yemveli yokunciphisa kususa amacandelo awonakalisiweyo ngokusila / ukugaya, ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukulahla> i-60% yezinto ezinokulondolozwa. Ukudityaniswa kwe-Hybrid CNC-AM (i-eneji ethe ngqo kwisixhobo esikhoyo) ithembisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwezixhobo kodwa ayinakuqinisekiswa kwemizi-mveliso. Olu phando lubalula iingenelo zokusebenza zokuqukuqela komsebenzi oxutyiweyo ngokuchasene neendlela eziqhelekileyo zokuthotywa kwexabiso eliphezulu lokulungiswa kwezixhobo.

2 Ulwazi-nkqubo

2.1 Uyilo loMfuniselo

Iintlanu ezonakalisiweyo ze-H13 zentsimbi ziyafa (ubukhulu: 300 × 150 × 80mm) zenze iindlela ezimbini zokulungisa:

• Iqela A (Elokukhuphayo):
  - Ukususwa komonakalo nge-5-axis milling (DMG MORI DMU 80)
  -I-Welding filler deposition (GTAW)
  -Gqibezela umatshini ukuya kwiCAD yokuqala

• Iqela B (Hybrid):
  -Ukususwa kwesiphene esincinci (<1mm ubunzulu)
  - Ukulungisa i-DED usebenzisa i-Meltio M450 (316L ucingo)
  -I-Adaptive CNC remachining (Siemens NX CAM)

2.2 Ukufunyanwa kweDatha

• Ubuchule bokuSebenza: imilinganiselo yobunzima kwangaphambili/ngemva kokulungiswa (Mettler XS205)

• Ukulandelela ixesha: Ukujongwa kwenkqubo nge-IoT sensors (ToolConnect)

• Uvavanyo loomatshini:
  -Ukuqina kwemephu (Buehler IndentaMet 1100)
  - Iisampulu ze-tensile (ASTM E8/E8M) ezivela kwiindawo ezilungisiweyo

Iziphumo ezi-3 kunye nohlalutyo

3.1 Ukusetyenziswa kweZibonelelo

Itheyibhile 1: Uthelekiso lweeMetrikhi zeNkqubo yokuLungisa

3.2 Imfezeko yoomatshini

Iisampulu ezilungisiweyo zeHybrid zibonisiwe:

• Ukuqina okungaguqukiyo (52–54 HRC vs. yoqobo 53 HRC)

• Amandla okugqibela: 1,890 MPa (±25 MPa) - 98.4% yesiseko semathiriyeli

• Akukho nxunguphalo lwe-interfacial delamination kuvavanyo lokudinwa (10⁶ cycles at 80% isivuno soxinzelelo)

Umzobo 1: I-Microstructure ye-interface yokulungisa i-hybrid (SEM 500 ×)
Qaphela: Ulwakhiwo lweenkozo olulinganayo kumda wokudityaniswa lubonisa ulawulo olusebenzayo lobushushu.

4 Ingxubusho

4.1 Iimpembelelo zokuSebenza

Ukunciphisa ixesha le-28.9% livela ekupheliseni ukususwa kwezinto ezininzi. Ukusetyenzwa kweHybrid kungqina ukuba kunenzuzo:

• Izixhobo zelifa kunye nesitokhwe semathiriyeli esiyekiweyo

• Iijometri ezintsonkothileyo eziphezulu (umzekelo, iitshaneli zokupholisa ezisemthethweni)

• Iimeko zokulungisa umthamo ophantsi

4.2 Imiqobo yobuGcisa

Imida iphawulwe:

• Ubuninzi be-engile yokubeka: 45° ukusuka kumda othe tye (unqanda iziphene ezingaphaya)

• Umahluko wobunzima bomaleko we-DED: ±0.12mm ifuna iindlela zesixhobo eziguqukayo

• I-post-process unyango lwe-HIP luyimfuneko kwizixhobo ze-aerospace-grade

5 Isiphelo

I-Hybrid CNC-AM inciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokulungisa izixhobo nge-23-42% ngelixa igcina ukulingana komatshini kwiindlela zokukhupha. Ukuphunyezwa kuyacetyiswa kumacandelo anobunzima bejometri apho ugcino lwempahla luthethelela iindleko zokusebenza kwe-AM. Uphando olulandelayo luya kwandisa izicwangciso ze-deposition kwiintsimbi zesixhobo esiqinileyo (> 60 HRC).