Uzicima njani iimpazamo zeTaper kwi-CNC-Turned Shafts ngoLungiso oluchanekileyo

Uzicima njani iimpazamo zeTaper kwi-CNC-Turned Shafts ngoLungiso oluchanekileyo

Umbhali: PFT, Shenzhen

I-Abstract: Iimpazamo ze-Taper kwi-CNC-turned shafts ziphazamisa kakhulu ukuchaneka kwe-dimensional kunye nokufaneleka kwecandelo, okuchaphazela ukusebenza kwendibano kunye nokuthembeka kwemveliso. Olu phononongo luphanda ukusebenza kweprotokoli yolungelelwaniso oluchanekileyo olucwangcisiweyo lokuphelisa ezi mpazamo. Indlela yokusebenza isebenzisa i-laser interferometry ye-high-resolution volumetric error mapping kuyo yonke indawo yokusebenza yesixhobo somatshini, ijolise ngokukodwa ukutenxa kwejometri okunegalelo kwi-taper. Iivectors zembuyekezo, eziphuma kwimephu yempazamo, zisetyenziswa ngaphakathi komlawuli we-CNC. Uqinisekiso lovavanyo kwiishafti ezinedayamitha ye-20mm kunye ne-50mm ibonise ukucutheka kwempazamo ye-taper ukusuka kumaxabiso okuqala agqitha i-15µm/100mm ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-2µm/100mm emva kolungelelwaniso. Iziphumo ziqinisekisa ukuba imbuyekezo yempazamo yejiyometri ekujoliswe kuyo, ngakumbi ukujongana neempazamo zokuma komgca kunye nokutenxa kwezikhokelo, yeyona ndlela iphambili yokuphelisa iteyiphu. Iprothokholi ibonelela ngendlela esebenzayo, eqhutywa yidatha yokufezekisa ukuchaneka kwenqanaba le-micron ekuveliseni ishaft echanekileyo, efuna izixhobo eziqhelekileyo ze-metrology. Umsebenzi wexesha elizayo kufuneka uphonononge uzinzo lwexesha elide lwembuyekezo kunye nokudibanisa kunye nokubekwa kweliso kwinkqubo.

1. Intshayelelo

Ukuphambuka kwe-taper, okuchazwa njengenguqu engalindelekanga ye-diametric ecaleni kwe-axis yokujikeleza kwi-CNC-turned cylindrical components, ihlala ingumngeni oqhubekayo kwimveliso echanekileyo. Iimpazamo ezinjalo zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo imiba esebenzayo efana nokuthwala, ukunyaniseka kwetywina, kunye ne-kinematics yendibano, okunokukhokelela ekungaphumelelini kwangaphambi kwexesha okanye ukuthotywa kokusebenza (uSmith & Jones, 2023). Ngelixa izinto ezifana nokunxiba isixhobo, i-thermal drift, kunye ne-workpiece deflection inegalelo kwiimpazamo zefom, ukungachaneki kwejometri engahlawulwanga ngaphakathi kweCNC lathe ngokwayo-ngokukodwa ukuphambuka kwi-linear positioning kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwee-axes-zichongiwe njengezona zizathu eziphambili ze-taper ecwangcisiweyo (Chen et al., 2021; Iindlela zembuyekezo zesiqhelo zolingo kunye neempazamo zidla ngokuthatha ixesha kwaye azinalwazi oluphangaleleyo olufunekayo ukulungisa impazamo eyomeleleyo kuwo wonke umthamo wokusebenza. Olu pho nonongo lubonisa kwaye luqinisekisa indlela yokulinganisa ukuchaneka okucwangcisiweyo kusetyenziswa i-laser interferometry ukulinganisa kunye nokubuyisela iimpazamo zejometri ezijongene ngqo nokwakheka kwe-taper kwi-CNC-turned shafts.

2 Iindlela zoPhando

2.1 UYilo lweProthokholi yoLungiso

Uyilo olungundoqo lubandakanya ukulandelelana, i-volumetric error mapping kunye nendlela yembuyekezo. I-hypothesis engundoqo ibeka imilinganiselo echanekileyo kwaye ibuyekeze iimpazamo zejometri ze-CNC lathe's linear axes (X kunye no-Z) ziya kunxulumana ngokuthe ngqo nokupheliswa kwetaper enokumetwa kwishafti ezivelisiweyo.

2.2 UkuFumana idatha kunye nokuSekwa koMfuniselo

• Isixhobo somatshini: Iziko lokujika le-CNC le-3-axis (Yenza: Okuma GENOS L3000e, UMlawuli: OSP-P300) wasebenza njengeqonga lovavanyo.

• Isixhobo sokulinganisa: I-Laser interferometer (intloko yelaser yeRenishaw XL-80 ene-XD linear optics kunye ne-RX10 rotary axis calibrator) inike idatha yomlinganiselo onokulandeleka elandeleka kwimigangatho ye-NIST. Ukuchaneka kwendawo yomgca, ukuchaneka (kwiinqwelo-moya ezimbini), i-pitch, kunye neempazamo ze-yaw kuzo zombini i-X kunye no-Z ii-axes zilinganiswe ngezithuba ze-100mm kuhambo olupheleleyo (X: 300mm, Z: 600mm), ngokulandela ISO 230-2: iinkqubo ze-2014.

• I-Workpiece & Machining: I-Shafts yokuvavanya (iMaterial: AISI 1045 steel, Imilinganiselo: Ø20x150mm, Ø50x300mm) yatshintshwa phantsi kweemeko ezihambelanayo (Isantya sokusika: 200 m / min, Ukutya: 0.15 mm / rev, Ubunzulu be-Cut: 0.5 mm CVD ukufaka i-carco: i-D. 150608) phambi nasemva kolungelelwaniso. Isipholisi safakwa.

• Umlinganiselo weTaper: Iidamitha zeshafti ye-post-machining zilinganiswe ngezithuba eziyi-10mm ngobude kusetyenziswa umatshini wokulinganisa wolungelelwaniso oluchanekileyo oluphezulu (CMM, Zeiss CONTURA G2, Ubuninzi Imposiso evumelekileyo: (1.8 + L/350) µm). Imposiso yeTaper ibalwe njengokuthambeka komgca wokuhlehla kwedayamitha vs. indawo.

2.3 Ukuphunyezwa kweMbuyekezo yempazamo

Idatha yempazamo yeVolumetric ukusuka kumlinganiselo welaser yalungiswa kusetyenziswa isoftware yeCOMP yeRenishaw ukuvelisa iitafile zembuyekezo ezihambelana ne-axis-specific. Ezi theyibhile, eziqulathe amaxabiso olungiso axhomekeke kwisikhundla sokufuduswa komgca, iimpazamo ze-angular, kunye nokunxaxhile ngokuthe ngqo, zilayishwe ngokuthe ngqo kwiiparamitha zembuyekezo yemposiso yejiyometri yesixhobo somatshini ngaphakathi komlawuli we-CNC (OSP-P300). Umzobo 1 ubonisa iikhomponenti zejiyometri eziphambili ezilinganisiweyo.

3 Iziphumo kunye noHlahlelo

3.1 IMaphu yempazamo yokuLungiselela kwangaphambili

Umlinganiselo weLaser ubonakalise ukutenxa okubalulekileyo kwejiyometri okunegalelo kwitaper enokwenzeka:

• I-Z-axis: Impazamo yendawo ye +28µm e-Z=300mm, impazamo yokuqokelela i-pitch ye--12 arcsec ngaphezu kohambo lwe-600mm.

• I-X-axis: Impazamo ye-Yaw ye +8 arcsec ngaphezu kohambo lwe-300mm.
  Olu phambuko lungqamanisa neempazamo zetaper eziqatshelweyo zangaphambili ezilinganiswe kwishafti ye-Ø50x300mm, eboniswe kwiThebhile 1. Ipatheni yemposiso ebalaseleyo ibonise ukonyuka okungaguquguqukiyo kobubanzi ukuya kwisiphelo se-tailstock.

Itheyibhile 1: Iziphumo zoMlinganiselo wempazamo yeTaper

3.2 iNtsebenzo yasemva koCalibration

Ukuphunyezwa kweevektha zembuyekezo ezifunyenweyo kukhokelele ekuncipheni okukhulu kwempazamo yetaper elinganisiweyo kuzo zombini iishafti zovavanyo (Itheyibhile 1). Ishaft ye-Ø50x300mm ibonise ukucutha ukusuka +16.8µm/100mm ukuya +1.7µm/100mm, emele uphuculo lwe-89.9%. Ngokufanayo, i-Ø20x150mm shaft ibonise ukunciphisa ukusuka +14.3µm/100mm ukuya +1.1µm/100mm (92.3%). Umzobo wesi-2 uthelekisa umzobo weeprofayili zediametric ze-Ø50mm shaft ngaphambi nangemva kolungelelwaniso, ebonisa ngokucacileyo ukupheliswa kwendlela ye-taper ecwangcisiweyo. Eli nqanaba lokuphucula lidlula iziphumo eziqhelekileyo ezichazwe kwiindlela zembuyekezo yezandla (umzekelo, i-Zhang & Wang, i-2022 inike ingxelo ~ 70% yokunciphisa) kwaye igxininisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwembuyekezo ye-volumetric error comprehensive.

4 Ingxubusho

4.1 Ukutolikwa kweZiphumo

Ukunciphisa okubalulekileyo kwimpazamo ye-taper kuqinisekisa ngokuthe ngqo i-hypothesis. Esona sixhobo siphambili lulungiso lwempazamo yokuma kwe-Z-axis kunye nokutenxa kwepitch, okubangele indlela yesixhobo ukuba yahlukane ukusuka kweyona ndlela ihambelanayo idityanisiweyo xa ithelekiswa ne-spindle axis njengoko ikhareji ihamba ecaleni kwe-Z. Imbuyekezo ilutshitshise ngokufanelekileyo olu mahluko. Impazamo eshiyekileyo (<2µm/100mm) kusenokwenzeka ukuba ivela kwimithombo engenakuxolelwa kwimbuyekezo yejiyometri, efana neziphumo ezimfutshane zobushushu ngexesha lomatshini, ukujikwa kwesixhobo phantsi kwamandla okusika, okanye ukungaqiniseki komlinganiselo.

4.2 Imida

Olu pho nonongo lujolise kwimbuyekezo yempazamo yejometri phantsi kokulawulwa, iimeko zokulingana ezikufutshane ne-thermal eziqhelekileyo zomjikelo wokufudumala kwemveliso. Ayikhange ibonise ngokucacileyo okanye ibuyekeze iimpazamo ezibangelwa ngubushushu ezenzeka ngexesha lokuqhutywa kwemveliso eyandisiweyo okanye ukuguquguquka okubalulekileyo kweqondo lobushushu. Ngaphaya koko, ukusebenza kweprothokholi koomatshini abanxibe kakhulu okanye umonakalo kwizikhokelo / izikrufu zebhola ayizange ivavanywe. Impembelelo yamandla axhomileyo kakhulu ekutshitshiseni imbuyekezo nayo ibengaphaya kwemida yangoku.

4.3 Iimpembelelo eziSebenzayo

Iprothokholi ebonisiweyo inika abavelisi indlela eyomeleleyo, ephindaphindwayo yokufikelela kwi-high-precision cylindrical turning, ibalulekile kwizicelo kwi-aerospace, izixhobo zonyango, kunye nezixhobo eziphezulu ze-automotive. Inciphisa imilinganiselo ye-scrap ehambelana nokungahambelani kwe-taper kunye nokunciphisa ukuthembela kwisakhono somsebenzisi kwimbuyekezo yezandla. Imfuneko ye-laser interferometry imele utyalo-mali kodwa iyathetheleleka kwizibonelelo ezifuna ukunyamezelana kwenqanaba lemicron.

5 Isiphelo

Olu pho nonongo lumisela ukuba ulungelelwaniso oluchanekileyo oluchanekileyo, kusetyenziswa i-laser interferometry ye-volumetric geometric mapping mapping kunye nembuyekezo yomlawuli we-CNC elandelayo, isebenze kakhulu ekupheliseni iimpazamo ze-taper kwi-CNC-turned shafts. Iziphumo zovavanyo zibonise unciphiso oludlula i-89%, ukuzuza intsalela yethayiphu engaphantsi kwe-2µm/100mm. Eyona ndlela ingundoqo yimbuyekezo echanekileyo yeempazamo zokuma kwemigca kunye nokunxaxha kwe-angular (i-pitch, yaw) kwii-axes zesixhobo somatshini. Izigqibo eziphambili zezi:

1. Imaphu yemposiso ebanzi yejometri ibalulekile ekuchongeni ukunxaxhile okuthile okubangela i-taper.

2. Imbuyekezo ethe ngqo yezi zitenxo phakathi komlawuli we-CNC ibonelela ngesisombululo esisebenza kakhulu.

3. Iprothokholi ibonelela ngophuculo olubalulekileyo ekuchanekeni komda kusetyenziswa izixhobo eziqhelekileyo ze-metrology.