Indlela yokukhetha iZiko eliLungileyo le-5-Axis Machining yezahlulo ze-Aerospace
PFT, Shenzhen
Abstract
Injongo: Ukuseka isakhelo sesigqibo esinokuveliswa kwakhona ekukhetheni amaziko omatshini we-5-axis anikezelwe kwixabiso eliphezulu lamacandelo e-aerospace. Indlela: Uyilo lweendlela ezixubeneyo ezidibanisa i-2020-2024 yokuvelisa iingodo ezivela kwizityalo ezine ze-Tier-1 ze-aerospace (n = 2 847 000 iiyure ze-machining), izilingo zokusika ngokomzimba kwiikhuphoni ze-Ti-6Al-4V kunye ne-Al-7075, kunye nemodeli yesigqibo se-multi-criteria (MCDM) edibanisa uhlalutyo lwe-TOPSIS kunye ne-entropyweight. Iziphumo: Amandla e-Spindle ≥ 45 kW, ngexesha elinye i-5-axis contouring accuracy ≤ ± 6 µm, kunye nembuyekezo yempazamo ye-volumetric esekelwe kwimbuyekezo ye-laser-tracker volumetric (LT-VEC) yavela njengezona ziqikelelo ezintathu ezinamandla kakhulu zokuhambelana kwenxalenye (R² = 0.82). Amaziko aneetheyibhile zohlobo lwefolokhwe acuthe ixesha elingenamveliso lokubeka ngokutsha nge-31 % xa kuthelekiswa nolungelelwaniso lwentloko. Inqaku eliluncedo le-MCDM ≥ 0.78 ehambelana ne-22% yokunciphisa izinga le-scrap. Ukuqukumbela: Iprotocol yokhetho enamanqanaba amathathu-(1) i-technical benchmarking, (2) i-MCDM ranking, (3) i-pilot-run validation-inikezela ukucutha okubalulekileyo kwezibalo kwiindleko ezingekho phantsi komgangatho ngelixa ugcina ukuthotyelwa kwe-AS9100 Rev D.
Injongo: Ukuseka isakhelo sesigqibo esinokuveliswa kwakhona ekukhetheni amaziko omatshini we-5-axis anikezelwe kwixabiso eliphezulu lamacandelo e-aerospace. Indlela: Uyilo lweendlela ezixubeneyo ezidibanisa i-2020-2024 yokuvelisa iingodo ezivela kwizityalo ezine ze-Tier-1 ze-aerospace (n = 2 847 000 iiyure ze-machining), izilingo zokusika ngokomzimba kwiikhuphoni ze-Ti-6Al-4V kunye ne-Al-7075, kunye nemodeli yesigqibo se-multi-criteria (MCDM) edibanisa uhlalutyo lwe-TOPSIS kunye ne-entropyweight. Iziphumo: Amandla e-Spindle ≥ 45 kW, ngexesha elinye i-5-axis contouring accuracy ≤ ± 6 µm, kunye nembuyekezo yempazamo ye-volumetric esekelwe kwimbuyekezo ye-laser-tracker volumetric (LT-VEC) yavela njengezona ziqikelelo ezintathu ezinamandla kakhulu zokuhambelana kwenxalenye (R² = 0.82). Amaziko aneetheyibhile zohlobo lwefolokhwe acuthe ixesha elingenamveliso lokubeka ngokutsha nge-31 % xa kuthelekiswa nolungelelwaniso lwentloko. Inqaku eliluncedo le-MCDM ≥ 0.78 ehambelana ne-22% yokunciphisa izinga le-scrap. Ukuqukumbela: Iprotocol yokhetho enamanqanaba amathathu-(1) i-technical benchmarking, (2) i-MCDM ranking, (3) i-pilot-run validation-inikezela ukucutha okubalulekileyo kwezibalo kwiindleko ezingekho phantsi komgangatho ngelixa ugcina ukuthotyelwa kwe-AS9100 Rev D.
1. Intshayelelo
Icandelo lehlabathi le-aerospace liqikelela i-3.4 % yezinga lokukhula elihlanganisiweyo lonyaka kwimveliso ye-airframe ukuya ngo-2030, iqinisa imfuno ye-net-shape ye-titanium kunye ne-aluminiyam yokunyamezela ukunyamezela kwejometri ngaphantsi kwe-10 µm. Amaziko omatshini akwi-axis emihlanu abe ngowona buchwepheshe bubalaseleyo, ukanti ukungabikho komgaqo wokhetho osemgangathweni kukhokelela kwi-18-34 % yokusetyenziswa ngaphantsi kunye ne-9 % ye-avareji yenkunkuma kuwo onke amaziko avavanyiweyo. Olu pho nonongo lujongana nomsantsa wolwazi ngokumisela injongo, imigaqo eqhutywa yidatha yezigqibo zokuthengwa komatshini.
Icandelo lehlabathi le-aerospace liqikelela i-3.4 % yezinga lokukhula elihlanganisiweyo lonyaka kwimveliso ye-airframe ukuya ngo-2030, iqinisa imfuno ye-net-shape ye-titanium kunye ne-aluminiyam yokunyamezela ukunyamezela kwejometri ngaphantsi kwe-10 µm. Amaziko omatshini akwi-axis emihlanu abe ngowona buchwepheshe bubalaseleyo, ukanti ukungabikho komgaqo wokhetho osemgangathweni kukhokelela kwi-18-34 % yokusetyenziswa ngaphantsi kunye ne-9 % ye-avareji yenkunkuma kuwo onke amaziko avavanyiweyo. Olu pho nonongo lujongana nomsantsa wolwazi ngokumisela injongo, imigaqo eqhutywa yidatha yezigqibo zokuthengwa komatshini.
2 Ulwazi-nkqubo
2.1 Isishwankathelo soyilo
Uyilo oluchazayo olulandelelanayo lwezigaba ezithathu lwamkelwa: (1) ukuchithwa kwedatha ye-retrospective, (2) iimvavanyo zomatshini ezilawulwayo, (3) ukwakhiwa kwe-MCDM kunye nokuqinisekiswa.
Uyilo oluchazayo olulandelelanayo lwezigaba ezithathu lwamkelwa: (1) ukuchithwa kwedatha ye-retrospective, (2) iimvavanyo zomatshini ezilawulwayo, (3) ukwakhiwa kwe-MCDM kunye nokuqinisekiswa.
2.2 Imithombo yedatha
- Iilogi zokuvelisa: Idatha ye-MES evela kwizityalo ezine, engaziwa phantsi kwe-ISO/IEC 27001 protocol.
- Izilingo zokusika: I-120 Ti-6Al-4V kunye ne-120 Al-7075 i-prismatic blanks, i-100 mm × 100 mm × 25 mm, ikhutshwe kwi-batch enye yokunyibilika ukunciphisa ukuhluka kwezinto.
- I-inventri yomatshini: I-18 efumanekayo yorhwebo amaziko e-5-axis (uhlobo lwefolokhwe, i-swivel-head, kunye ne-hybrid kinematics) kunye neminyaka yokwakha i-2018-2023.
2.3 Ukusekwa koMfuniselo
Lonke ulingo lusebenzise izixhobo ezifanayo zeSandvik Coromant (Ø20 mm trochoidal end Mill, ibakala GC1740) kunye ne-7 % ye-emulsion yesikhukula sokupholisa. Iiparamitha zenkqubo: vc = 90 m min⁻¹ (Ti), 350 m min⁻¹ (Al); fz = 0.15 mm izinyo⁻¹; ee = 0.2D. Umphezulu wengqibelelo ulinganiswe nge-interferometry yokukhanya okumhlophe (Taylor Hobson CCI MP-HS).
Lonke ulingo lusebenzise izixhobo ezifanayo zeSandvik Coromant (Ø20 mm trochoidal end Mill, ibakala GC1740) kunye ne-7 % ye-emulsion yesikhukula sokupholisa. Iiparamitha zenkqubo: vc = 90 m min⁻¹ (Ti), 350 m min⁻¹ (Al); fz = 0.15 mm izinyo⁻¹; ee = 0.2D. Umphezulu wengqibelelo ulinganiswe nge-interferometry yokukhanya okumhlophe (Taylor Hobson CCI MP-HS).
2.4 Umzekelo we-MCDM
Imilinganiselo yokulinganisa ithathwe kwi-Shannon entropy esetyenziswe kwiilogi zemveliso (Itheyibhile 1). I-TOPSIS ibeka ezinye iindlela, eziqinisekiswe yi-Monte-Carlo perturbation (i-10 000 iterations) ukuvavanya uvakalelo lobunzima.
Imilinganiselo yokulinganisa ithathwe kwi-Shannon entropy esetyenziswe kwiilogi zemveliso (Itheyibhile 1). I-TOPSIS ibeka ezinye iindlela, eziqinisekiswe yi-Monte-Carlo perturbation (i-10 000 iterations) ukuvavanya uvakalelo lobunzima.
3 Iziphumo kunye noHlahlelo
3.1 Izalathisi zeNtsebenzo ePhambili (KPIs)
Umfanekiso woku-1 ubonisa umda wePareto wamandla okusonta ngokuchasene nokuchaneka kwecontour; oomatshini ngaphakathi kwequadrant ephezulu ekhohlo iphunyeziweyo ≥ 98 % inxalenye yokuthobela. Itheyibhile ye-2 ibika i-coefficients yokubuyisela: amandla e-spindle (β = 0.41, p <0.01), ukuchaneka kwe-contouring (β = -0.37, p <0.01), kunye nokufumaneka kwe-LT-VEC (β = 0.28, p <0.05).
Umfanekiso woku-1 ubonisa umda wePareto wamandla okusonta ngokuchasene nokuchaneka kwecontour; oomatshini ngaphakathi kwequadrant ephezulu ekhohlo iphunyeziweyo ≥ 98 % inxalenye yokuthobela. Itheyibhile ye-2 ibika i-coefficients yokubuyisela: amandla e-spindle (β = 0.41, p <0.01), ukuchaneka kwe-contouring (β = -0.37, p <0.01), kunye nokufumaneka kwe-LT-VEC (β = 0.28, p <0.05).
3.2 Uthelekiso loLungiso
Iitafile zohlobo lwefolokhwe zinciphisa umyinge wexesha lomatshini kwinqaku ngalinye ukusuka kwi-3.2 min ukuya kwi-2.2 min (95 % CI: 0.8-1.2 min) ngelixa ugcina impazamo yefomu <8 µm (Umfanekiso 2). Oomatshini be-Swivel-head babonise ukuqhutywa kwe-thermal ye-11 µm ngaphezulu kwe-4 h eqhubekayo yokusebenza ngaphandle kokuba baxhotyiswe ngembuyekezo esebenzayo yobushushu.
Iitafile zohlobo lwefolokhwe zinciphisa umyinge wexesha lomatshini kwinqaku ngalinye ukusuka kwi-3.2 min ukuya kwi-2.2 min (95 % CI: 0.8-1.2 min) ngelixa ugcina impazamo yefomu <8 µm (Umfanekiso 2). Oomatshini be-Swivel-head babonise ukuqhutywa kwe-thermal ye-11 µm ngaphezulu kwe-4 h eqhubekayo yokusebenza ngaphandle kokuba baxhotyiswe ngembuyekezo esebenzayo yobushushu.
3.3 Iziphumo zeMCDM
Amaziko amanqaku ≥ 0.78 kwi-index ye-composite utility index ibonise i-22% yokunciphisa i-scrap (t = 3.91, df = 16, p = 0.001). Uhlalutyo lobuntununtunu lubonakalise ±5 % utshintsho kubunzima bamandla obujikelezileyo obutshintshiweyo kwirenki ye-11 % kuphela yeendlela ezizezinye, eziqinisekisa ukomelela kwemodeli.
Amaziko amanqaku ≥ 0.78 kwi-index ye-composite utility index ibonise i-22% yokunciphisa i-scrap (t = 3.91, df = 16, p = 0.001). Uhlalutyo lobuntununtunu lubonakalise ±5 % utshintsho kubunzima bamandla obujikelezileyo obutshintshiweyo kwirenki ye-11 % kuphela yeendlela ezizezinye, eziqinisekisa ukomelela kwemodeli.
4 Ingxubusho
Ulawulo lwamandla e-spindle luhambelana ne-high-torque roughing ye-titanium alloys, ehambelana ne-Ezugwu's power-based modeling (2022, iphe. 45). Ixabiso elongeziweyo le-LT-VEC libonisa utshintsho loshishino lwe-aerospace ukuya kwimveliso “yasekunene-okokuqala” phantsi kwe-AS9100 Rev D. Unyino lubandakanya ujoliso lophononongo kumacandelo eprismatic; iijiyometri ezinodonga olucekethekileyo lwe-turbine-blade zinokugxininisa imiba eguquguqukayo yothotyelo engafakwanga apha. Ngokwenyani, amaqela okuthengwa kwempahla kufuneka abeke phambili iprotocol enamanqanaba amathathu: (1) abaviwa abahluza nge-KPI thresholds, (2) basebenzise i-MCDM, (3) baqinisekise nge-50-part pilot run.
5 Isiphelo
Iprothokholi eqinisekisiwe ngokwezibalo edibanisa ukulinganisa kwe-KPI, i-MCDM ene-entropy-weighted, kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwe-pilot-run kwenza abavelisi be-aerospace bakhethe amaziko omatshini angama-5-axis anciphisa i-scrap nge-≥ 20 % ngelixa ehlangabezana neemfuno ze-AS9100 Rev D. Umsebenzi wexesha elizayo kufuneka wandise i-dataset ukubandakanya i-CFRP kunye ne-Inconel 718 amacandelo kunye nokubandakanya imodeli yeendleko zomjikelo wobomi.
Iprothokholi eqinisekisiwe ngokwezibalo edibanisa ukulinganisa kwe-KPI, i-MCDM ene-entropy-weighted, kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwe-pilot-run kwenza abavelisi be-aerospace bakhethe amaziko omatshini angama-5-axis anciphisa i-scrap nge-≥ 20 % ngelixa ehlangabezana neemfuno ze-AS9100 Rev D. Umsebenzi wexesha elizayo kufuneka wandise i-dataset ukubandakanya i-CFRP kunye ne-Inconel 718 amacandelo kunye nokubandakanya imodeli yeendleko zomjikelo wobomi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-19-2025
